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83732
Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) Rabbit mAb
一抗
单克隆抗体
R
Recombinant

Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) Rabbit mAb #83732

Citations (60)

We recommend the following alternatives

# Product Name Applications Reactivity
  • Western Blotting
  • Immunofluorescence
All
Filter:
  1. WB
  2. IF
Western blot analysis of Colo 205 cells treated (+) with combinations of the following treatments as indicated: hydrogen peroxide (500 μM, 5 min), hydrogen peroxide-treated lysates treated with phosphodiesterase 1 (0.5 μg/mL, 4 hr at 37ºC), or with tcPARG (5 μM, 4 hr at 37ºC ) using Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) Rabbit mAb (upper), or GAPDH (D16H11) XP® Rabbit mAb #5174 (lower).
Western blot analysis of Colo 205 cells untreated (-), or treated with hydrogen peroxide (500 μM, 5 min; +), using Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) Rabbit mAb (upper), or β-Tubulin (9F3) Rabbit mAb #2128 (lower).
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells either untreated (left), treated with hydrogen peroxide (500 mM, 5 min; center), or treated with PARP inhibitor Talazoparib (100 nmol/L, 3 hr) followed by hydrogen peroxide (500 mM, 5 min; right) using Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) Rabbit mAb #83732 (green), S6 Ribosomal Protein (54D2) Mouse mAb #2317 (red), and DAPI #4083 (blue).

Supporting Data

REACTIVITY All
SENSITIVITY Endogenous
MW (kDa)
Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG

Application Key:

  • WB-Western Blot
  • IP-Immunoprecipitation
  • IHC-Immunohistochemistry
  • ChIP-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • C&R-CUT&RUN
  • C&T-CUT&Tag
  • DB-Dot Blot
  • eCLIP-eCLIP
  • IF-Immunofluorescence
  • F-Flow Cytometry

Species Cross-Reactivity Key:

  • H-Human
  • M-Mouse
  • R-Rat
  • Hm-Hamster
  • Mk-Monkey
  • Vir-Virus
  • Mi-Mink
  • C-Chicken
  • Dm-D. melanogaster
  • X-Xenopus
  • Z-Zebrafish
  • B-Bovine
  • Dg-Dog
  • Pg-Pig
  • Sc-S. cerevisiae
  • Ce-C. elegans
  • Hr-Horse
  • GP-Guinea Pig
  • Rab-Rabbit
  • All-All Species Expected

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Western Blotting 1:1000
Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) 1:12000 - 1:48000

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

Protocol

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Western Blotting Protocol

For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.

NOTE: Please refer to primary antibody product webpage for recommended antibody dilution.

A. Solutions and Reagents

From sample preparation to detection, the reagents you need for your Western Blot are now in one convenient kit: #12957 Western Blotting Application Solutions Kit

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): (#9808) To prepare 1 L 1X PBS: add 50 ml 20X PBS to 950 ml dH2O, mix.
  2. 10X Tris Buffered Saline (TBS): (#12498) To prepare 1 L 1X TBS: add 100 ml 10X to 900 ml dH2O, mix.
  3. 1X SDS Sample Buffer: Blue Loading Pack (#7722) or Red Loading Pack (#7723) Prepare fresh 3X reducing loading buffer by adding 1/10 volume 30X DTT to 1 volume of 3X SDS loading buffer. Dilute to 1X with dH2O.
  4. 10X Tris-Glycine SDS Running Buffer: (#4050) To prepare 1 L 1X running buffer: add 100 ml 10X running buffer to 900 ml dH2O, mix.
  5. 10X Tris-Glycine Transfer Buffer: (#12539) To prepare 1 L 1X Transfer Buffer: add 100 ml 10X Transfer Buffer to 200 ml methanol + 700 ml dH2O, mix.
  6. 10X Tris Buffered Saline with Tween® 20 (TBST): (#9997) To prepare 1 L 1X TBST: add 100 ml 10X TBST to 900 ml dH2O, mix.
  7. Nonfat Dry Milk: (#9999).
  8. Blocking Buffer: 1X TBST with 5% w/v nonfat dry milk; for 150 ml, add 7.5 g nonfat dry milk to 150 ml 1X TBST and mix well.
  9. Wash Buffer: (#9997) 1X TBST.
  10. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA): (#9998).
  11. Primary Antibody Dilution Buffer: 1X TBST with 5% BSA; for 20 ml, add 1.0 g BSA to 20 ml 1X TBST and mix well.
  12. Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack: (#7727).
  13. Blue Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (11-250 kDa): (#59329).
  14. Blotting Membrane and Paper: (#12369) This protocol has been optimized for nitrocellulose membranes. Pore size 0.2 µm is generally recommended.
  15. Secondary Antibody Conjugated to HRP: Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody (#7074).
  16. Detection Reagent: SignalFire™ ECL Reagent (#6883).

B. Protein Blotting

A general protocol for sample preparation.

  1. Treat cells by adding fresh media containing regulator for desired time.
  2. Aspirate media from cultures; wash cells with 1X PBS; aspirate.
  3. Lyse cells by adding 1X SDS sample buffer (100 µl per well of 6-well plate or 500 µl for a 10 cm diameter plate). Immediately scrape the cells off the plate and transfer the extract to a microcentrifuge tube. Keep on ice.
  4. Sonicate for 10–15 sec to complete cell lysis and shear DNA (to reduce sample viscosity).
  5. Heat a 20 µl sample to 95–100°C for 5 min; cool on ice.
  6. Microcentrifuge for 5 min.
  7. Load 20 µl onto SDS-PAGE gel (10 cm x 10 cm).

    NOTE: Loading of prestained molecular weight markers (#59329, 10 µl/lane) to verify electrotransfer and biotinylated protein ladder (#7727, 10 µl/lane) to determine molecular weights are recommended.

  8. Electrotransfer to nitrocellulose membrane (#12369).

C. Membrane Blocking and Antibody Incubations

NOTE: Volumes are for 10 cm x 10 cm (100 cm2) of membrane; for different sized membranes, adjust volumes accordingly.

I. Membrane Blocking

  1. (Optional) After transfer, wash nitrocellulose membrane with 25 ml TBS for 5 min at room temperature.
  2. Incubate membrane in 25 ml of blocking buffer for 1 hr at room temperature.
  3. Wash three times for 5 min each with 15 ml of TBST.

II. Primary Antibody Incubation

  1. Incubate membrane and primary antibody (at the appropriate dilution and diluent as recommended in the product webpage) in 10 ml primary antibody dilution buffer with gentle agitation overnight at 4°C.
  2. Wash three times for 5 min each with 15 ml of TBST.
  3. Incubate membrane with Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody (#7074 at 1:2000) and anti-biotin, HRP-linked Antibody (#7075 at 1:1000–1:3000) to detect biotinylated protein markers in 10 ml of blocking buffer with gentle agitation for 1 hr at room temperature.
  4. Wash three times for 5 min each with 15 ml of TBST.
  5. Proceed with detection (Section D).

D. Detection of Proteins

Directions for Use:

  1. Wash membrane-bound HRP (antibody conjugate) three times for 5 minutes in TBST.
  2. Prepare 1X SignalFire™ ECL Reagent (#6883) by diluting one part 2X Reagent A and one part 2X Reagent B (e.g. for 10 ml, add 5 ml Reagent A and 5 ml Reagent B). Mix well.
  3. Incubate substrate with membrane for 1 minute, remove excess solution (membrane remains wet), wrap in plastic and expose to X-ray film.

* Avoid repeated exposure to skin.

posted June 2005

revised June 2020

Protocol Id: 10

Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)

A. Solutions and Reagents

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalently purified water.

  1. 20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): (9808) To prepare 1L 1X PBS: add 50 ml 20X PBS to 950 ml dH2O, mix. Adjust pH to 8.0.
  2. Methanol, 100%
  3. Blocking Buffer (1X PBS / 5% normal serum / 0.3% Triton™ X-100): To prepare 10 ml, add 0.5 ml normal serum from the same species as the secondary antibody (e.g., Normal Goat Serum (#5425)) and 0.5 mL 20X PBS to 9.0 mL dH2O, mix well. While stirring, add 30 µl Triton™ X-100.
  4. Antibody Dilution Buffer (1X PBS / 1% BSA / 0.3% Triton X-100): To prepare 10 ml, add 30 µl Triton™ X-100 to 10 ml 1X PBS. Mix well then add 0.1 g BSA (9998), mix.
  5. Recommended Fluorochrome-conjugated Anti-Rabbit secondary antibodies:

  6. Prolong® Gold AntiFade Reagent (#9071), Prolong® Gold AntiFade Reagent with DAPI (#8961).

B. Specimen Preparation - Cultured Cell Lines (IF-IC)

NOTE: Cells should be grown, treated, fixed and stained directly in multi-well plates, chamber slides or on coverslips.

  1. Aspirate liquid, then cover cells to a depth of 2–3 mm with ice-cold 100% methanol.
  2. Allow cells to fix for 15 minutes at -20°C.
  3. Aspirate fixative, rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 minutes each.
  4. Proceed with Immunostaining (Section C).

C. Immunostaining

NOTE: All subsequent incubations should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise noted in a humid light-tight box or covered dish/plate to prevent drying and fluorochrome fading.

  1. Block specimen in Blocking Buffer for 60 minutes.
  2. While blocking, prepare primary antibody by diluting as indicated on product webpage in Antibody Dilution Buffer.
  3. Aspirate blocking solution, apply diluted primary antibody.
  4. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
  5. Rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 minutes each.
  6. Incubate specimen in fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibody diluted in Antibody Dilution Buffer for 1–2 hours at room temperature in dark.
  7. Rinse in 1X PBS as in step 5.
  8. Coverslip slides with Prolong® Gold Antifade Reagent (#9071), Prolong® Gold AntiFade Reagent with DAPI (#8961).
  9. For best results, examine specimens immediately using appropriate excitation wavelength. For long-term storage, store slides flat at 4°C protected from light.

posted December 2010

Protocol Id: 3

Specificity / Sensitivity

Poly/Mono-ADP Ribose (E6F6A) RmAb recognizes endogenous levels of ADP ribosylated proteins and does not cross-react with other post translational modifications.

Species Reactivity:

All Species Expected

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with KLH modified on lysines with ADP ribose.

Background

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that has been described to occur on the side chain of several acceptor residues (lysine, arginine, glutamate, aspartate, cysteine, serine) and protein amino termini as well as on DNA and tRNA (1). ADP-ribosyl transferases (ADPRTs) catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from β-NAD+ and release nicotinamide in the process. Mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases (MARTs, or monoPARPs) comprise the vast majority of the ADPRTs. These monoenzymes, which include the sirtuins and many of the PARP (ARTD) and ART proteins, transfer a single ADP-ribose unit to the target residue (MARylation). The poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (polyPARPs) or polyenzymes, which include human PARP1, 2, 5a and 5b, are the most widely studied and can polymerize linear or branched chains of up to ~200 ADPR units (2). Specificity is determined primarily, but not exclusively, by a nonconsecutive catalytic triad motif, with some exceptions. Those containing the R-S-E motif like Cholera toxin are arginine-directed transferases, while those containing the H-Y-E triad tend to exhibit polymerase activity (3,4). ADP-ribosylation is reversible and can be degraded down to a single ADP-ribose unit by poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase (PARG) or ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 (ARH3) or completely removed from the target residue by ARH1, TARG1, MacroD1 or MacroD2 (5).

ADP-ribosylation is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including mitotic spindle formation, chromatin decondensation, cell stress response, retroviral silencing, RNA biology, and transcription, but the most well-known function of ADP-ribose chains is to serve as a scaffold for recruiting DNA repair proteins that contain PAR-binding modules to sites of DNA damage (6). X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), histone macroH2A1, RNF146 (Iduna) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and many of the PARPs themselves, among others, contain PAR-binding motifs (PBMs) or domains: WWE, PAR-binding zinc-finger (PBZ), or macrodomains (7). PARylation has a central role in cell survival, and is tightly regulated. PARP deficiency can leave a cell vulnerable to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, while hyper PARylation can lead to parthanatos, a unique form of cell death (8). The role of PARylation in DNA repair has inspired great interest in developing candidate drug inhibitors for PARP, in particular to treat breast, prostate and small cell lung cancers with mutations in DNA repair genes like BRCA1/2, CHK2 or ATM. Stat1, PERK, p53, G-actin and Ras are just a few examples of proteins that are functionally modulated by ADP-ribosylation (6,7). Modification by ADP-ribose can block protein interactions or, in the case of P2X7, cause a conformational change that in the presence of ART2 expression sensitizes naive murine T-cells to extracellular NAD+ leading to apoptosis (9).

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For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
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